In a recent study, researchers have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) tool called Cryosection Histopathology Assessment and Review Machine (CHARM) that assists doctors in combating aggressive brain tumors. CHARM efficiently analyzes images to identify the genetic profile of gliomas, a type of aggressive brain tumor. While the tool’s accuracy may not match current genetic tests, it provides quick predictions of a tumor’s profile, enabling doctors to proceed with appropriate treatment without delay.
Glioma, especially the aggressive subtype known as glioblastoma, poses a significant threat, often leading to death in less than six months if left untreated. The survival rate for individuals diagnosed with glioblastoma is only 17% beyond the second year. To combat this, surgeons heavily rely on the tumor’s genetic profile when making critical decisions about tissue removal and potential treatments such as drug-coated wafers.
The research team led by Kun-Hsing Yu trained the machine-learning algorithm of CHARM using images of brain surgery samples and validated its accuracy against patient diagnoses. CHARM demonstrated superior performance compared to other AI systems in identifying tumor genetic profiles.
One of the remarkable capabilities of CHARM is its ability to distinguish between malignant and benign tumor cells and determine the tumor’s grade, indicating the level of aggressiveness. These assessments are typically made by human pathologists during surgery. By eliminating the need for a pathologist on standby or a 10-to-15-minute wait, CHARM saves valuable time during operations.
The development of AI tools like CHARM contributes to a broader range of initiatives utilizing AI to enhance cancer diagnosis and treatment. In a recent editorial published in the Lancet Oncology, certain AI systems were highlighted for their accurate identification of individuals at elevated risk of pancreatic, lung, and breast cancer.
By providing swift tumor profile predictions, CHARM streamlines the treatment process for brain tumor patients. It reduces the time required for detailed diagnoses and eliminates the need for additional surgeries, ultimately improving patient outcomes. This advancement in AI technology holds promise for revolutionizing brain tumor treatment and supporting surgeons in making informed decisions during surgery.
Conclusion
Overall, this research signifies the potential of AI in healthcare, particularly in the field of oncology. With further advancements, AI tools like CHARM have the potential to play a crucial role in early detection, precise diagnosis, and tailored treatment strategies for various types of cancer.